Oral anti-diabetic drugs

Description

• Teneligliptin (GLYPTEN^®) is an orally-active inhibitor of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, which is believed to exert its actions in patients with Type 2 Diabetes by slowing the inactivation of incretin hormones. Concentrations of the active intact hormones are increased by teneligliptin, thereby increasing and prolonging the action of these hormones. Incretin hormones, including Glucagon-Like Peptide- 1 (GLP-1) and Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) are released by the intestine throughout the day, and levels are increased in response to a meal. These hormones are rapidly inactivated by the enzyme, DPP-4. The incretins are part of an endogenous system involved in the physiologic regulation of glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 increases insulin synthesis and release from pancreatic beta cells by intracellular signalling pathways involving cyclic AMP when blood glucose concentrations are elevated. GLP-1 also lowers glucagon secretion from the pancreatic alpha cells, leading to reduced hepatic glucose production. By increasing and prolonging active incretin levels, teneligliptin increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels in the circulation in a glucose-dependent manner.

Indications

• GLYPTEN^® is indicated for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes as an add-on treatment of adults with Type 2 Diabetes who have not responded adequately to treatment with metformin.

Dosage

• The usual adult dosage is 20 mg of Teneligliptin administered orally once daily.
• GLYPTEN may be administered irrespective of food, preferably before breakfast. It is advisable to up titrate the dosage to 40 mg once daily in patients who do not achieve adequate glycaemic control as required.